God Vs. Morality - 1113 Words

Kalee M. Ewald Professor Mark Kelley PHIL101 18 October 2015 God vs. Morality While going over the topic I chose, other questions came to mind like: does God exist? What exactly is murder? What does Moral mean? Can morality be based on other standard than the belief in God? With that, can individuals with conflicting religious beliefs resolve a dispute over what morality is? In my assessment I will argue that morality has no specific meaning other than that it is the cultural standard or custom as applied to individual behavior over time. These new questions develop a new route of understanding by first examining into what a moral is. â€Å"A moral is defined as a societal code of conduct based on religious, familial, or societal standards applied to individual behavior, over the course of time† (Bernard). In this definition, the existence of God is not anticipated, nor is it required, to answer the question. In our world there are cultures of people that have developed very different moral standards. In the United States, for example, morality tends to be grounded on a religious dais and applied to all people in the form of Laws. In the U.S. it is illegal to â€Å"murder† someone though as yet I have not demarcated the term; therefore, by default it is immoral. If one were to go more Eastern, it might be learned that what we as a society find offensive, is perfectly in-line with their culture and societies and for that reason, not immoral. So morality really has no detailed meaningShow MoreRelatedIf God Eoes Not Exist, Everything Is Permitted Essay1289 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"If God does not exist, everything is permitted.† by Fyodor Dostoyevsky is a popular phrase used by theists, theologians and conservatives when questioned about the connection between faith in God and morality. In other words it is claimed that without the belief in a supreme supernatural figure who maintains law and order in the whole of cosmos, a man cannot regulate himself as a socially and morally acceptable individual. This in fact presents a major logical fallacy since it is based on a beliefRead MoreMorality And Religion : Morality985 Words   |  4 PagesMorality and Religion: a Response to Does Morality Need Religion (Prompt 1) Some people believe our life is based off of morals, a belief of right/justification or wrong/ unjust. Living this way perceives their ways of the world by doing what they feel is good or bad or what is lead by their conscience regardless of religion. Others believe in religion, a feeling or act of faith, from God or â€Å"gods† ( Merriam-Webster). These acts motivated by faith and God/ â€Å"gods† provide a comprehension betweenRead MoreChild Development Theories1324 Words   |  6 Pagesstrength) develops. The eight stages include: Basic trust vs. mistrust (birth to 12-18 months); baby develops sense of whether the world is a good and safe; the virtue is hope Autonomy vs. shame (12-18 months- 3 years); child develops balance of independence and self-efficiency over shame and doubt with virtue of will Initiative vs. guilt (3-6 years), child develops initiative without guilt with the virtue being purpose Industry vs. inferiority (6 years to puberty),child must learn skillsRead MoreNatural Law Enforces Human Rights907 Words   |  4 Pageslegal theory of natural law the law that comes from God s nature and inherent right and wrong as He defines it furthermore a legal system based on legal positivism (law is derived from whatever man says is law - no inherent right and wrong). Prior to the turn of the 20th century, legal philosophy from whence laws were derived in the Western world was based upon a natural law theory. A belief that there was an inherent right and wrong based on God s principles. In the late 1800 s early 1900 sRead MoreSources Of Morality And Morality1424 Words   |  6 PagesScott Wothke Dr. Bernstein PHIL 290 02/12/2016 Source of Morality Imagine a world filled with chaos, brutality, death, and fear, a world where no laws govern the people, and the people feel no sense of right or wrong, a hellish world in which morality is a things of nonexistence. A world that to our knowledge never existed, so that begs the questions where did morality come from, and what exactly is it? A simple definition would state, the principles concerning the distinction between right andRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Batman And The Dark Knight Rises Essay731 Words   |  3 PagesThere are five types of conflict that a character can experience: Person vs. Person, Person vs. Society, Person vs. God/Fate/ Destiny, Person vs. Self, and Person vs. Nature or Technology. Person vs. Person is conflict in which one character will oppose or be opposed by another character and an example of this is Creed where Adonis Creed fights Ricky Conlan so that Adonis can be the heavyweight champion. Person vs. Society is conflict in which a character and the society that he/she lives in areRead MoreDoes Religion Imply Morality?1321 Words   |  6 PagesDoes religion imply morality? Not exactly, according to research. Contrary to popular belief, non-religious persons are not evil and do have morals. In fact research shows that people associated with no religion may be more moral than those who are religious. Furthermore, the irreligious do good deeds for the sake of being a good person, while religious people tend to do it for recognition or because someone or something tells them to. The origin, the truth, and the perpetuation of this stereotypeRead MoreEthics, Unnatural Laws, By Arthur A. Leff1161 Words   |  5 Pagesapproach when determining what morality should be comprised of. He suggested that humans struggle with desiring to follow a predetermined and unchallengeable set of moral rules, while at the same time wanting the autonomy to create those rules. If ethical rules are preordained, they would need to come from a supernatural being that was unruled, unjudged, and beyond question: God. If God exists, we are created to fit into His system and should therefore abide by His rules. God dictates the laws of theRead MoreA Case For Integration And The Existence Of God1152 Words   |  5 Pageswill attempt to discuss at length the importance of depravity as contrasted with the existence of God and in context of psychology, the importance of moral authority provided by God’s existence in relation to psychology, and finally an introduction to the benefits psychology affords to the efforts of theology to restore fellowship between mankind and God and vice-versa. Human ownership of morality limits the number of options psychology can advocate. In personal crisis situations the patient couldRead MoreA Decent Job At Separating Religion From Morality1405 Words   |  6 PagesAlthough some may say religion relates to morals, apparently the philosophers we have covered thus far do not believe such a thing. For religious people, morality may be pushed by religion in their regards to the fear of the consequences god will bring if one disobeys his laws. Although this can be related to consequentialism, it is not the same kind of consequentialism Mills and Bentham use. Morals can be dependent of an individual’s preferences depending on the individual’s motives behind their

Martin Luther King Essay Free Essays

Speeches in which this is observed include â€Å"I Have A Dream† by Martin Luther King and â€Å"The Gettysburg Address† by Abraham Lincoln which have been valued and remembered throughout time as being historically influential and valued, as such, as they use the values of their time and audience to inspire, persuade and unite the public with their message. Martin Luther King electrified America with his pivotal speech, dramatically delivered from the steps of the Lincoln Memorial in Washington DC in 1963, sharing his dream of a new future for black and white people before more than 200,000 people. King, part of an extensive black movement, challenged the white Americans to extend genuine freedom to his people and drew on all his powers to inspire black Americans to believe in such freedom for themselves. We will write a custom essay sample on Martin Luther King Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now The key message from the speech was, and is, that all people are created equal and, although not the case in America at the time, King felt it must be the case in the future which is why this text is valued still, even today. Abraham Lincoln, the American president at the time delivered his speech at the Gettysburg Cemetery during the heart of the civil war in 1863. This was to honour and dedicate the new cemetery to the soldiers who had died in the recent Battle of Gettysburg which was pivotal in the American Civil War. The quality of patriotism is seen in Lincoln’s allusion to the Declaration of Independence and constant references to democratic ideals. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Martin Luther Kings’ â€Å"I have a dream†¦. † speech is one of the most memorable speech’s of all time but why? In thi s essay we’ll have a look at why it’s such an effective speech. In the speech, King especially likes to use repetition and metaphors to convey his ideas. These devices are the foundation of King’s unique and effective style. Anaphora and repetition are commonly used in Martin Luther King’s â€Å"I have a dream†¦. † speech because repeating the words and phrases helps to emphasise the pattern and increase the rhetorical effect. â€Å"I have a dream†¦ † is repeated in eight successive sentences, and is one of the most often cited examples of anaphora in modern speeches. Repetition is a good device to use to strengthen an important idea. He uses and repeats the words dream, because it is such a personal and deep commodity. The phrases he adds to the end of this representation are also very personal. This is so effectual because the target audience of this speech can see these visualizations become reality. Even now, over 30 years after his death, reading through the speech gives the reader a sense that things are not complete, and that King still has a dream. If you count the frequency of words used in King’s â€Å"I Have a Dream†, very interesting patterns emerge. The most commonly used noun is freedom, which is used twenty times in the speech. This makes sense, since freedom is one of the primary themes of the speech. A metaphor is a very effective way to illustrate an idea. King uses many metaphors, both large and small, to describe many different ideas. â€Å"In a sense we have come to our nation’s capital to cash a check. When the architects of our republic wrote the magnificent words of the Constitution and the declaration of Independence, they were signing a promissory note to which every American was to fall heir. This note was a promise that all men would be guaranteed the inalienable rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. It is obvious†¦ How to cite Martin Luther King Essay, Essay examples

Credit Quality Analysis

Questions: 1. Discuss the relevance and framework of credit quality analysis for a target company? 2. Discuss the best practice financial parameters for evaluating a company credit quality and overall financial risk profile? 3. Discuss the financial credit ratios and formulae used in assessing credit quality? 4. Estimate the various financial credit ratios for Pidilite using publicly available audited financial statements? 5. Based on a trend analysis of financial credit ratios, assess Pidilite financial health and overall credit quality? Answers: Introduction In the present case study credit ratings and quality assessment has been discussed while taking Pidilite industries as a target company for the evaluation. As in particular this industry which was incorporated in late 1950s deals in two fundamental regions of operation that is ultimate consumer segment and commercial segment. This assignment relates with direction of the credit analyses survey of Pidilite industries. Credit quality analysis ratings is survey or assessment evaluating the acknowledge chance related for a specific resource. These credit portfolio for the most part require debt costs installments -, for example, debt funds and venture capital structure. How powerful administration of Pidilite industries is in controlling and checking credit hazard is discussed in below mentioned assignment. 1. Credit quality analysis of Pidilite Industries As per Hau, et. Al., (2013) a credit quality analysis is an important tool in the current scenario that has been used by many investors, lenders and other stakeholders and shareholders of the company to assess the current position and performance of the company with assessing the effectiveness of the internal controls of the company that has been put in place by the management. Through the help of credit analysis, one can test the credit worthiness of business and the organization. The credit analyst tests the company and its management of Pidilite industries discussed various parameters and determines whether the company is financially sound enough to meet out all its business obligations or not. The credit analysts assesses the confidence level of the management and the company for the current as well as for the coming business financial obligations and based on the same the credit rating has been assigned to the company. The credit history and the ability of the management is also been assessed by the analyst. In the given case, the Pidilite Industries has been recommended by the equity analysts as a long term investment opportunity. In this case, it becomes important to check the financial health of the company considering all the parameters including liquidity, efficiency, profitability etc. Through the help of the above analysis one can easily determine the ability of the company to meet out its short term and long term obligations and maintain the level of solvency. This quality analysis has been done to protect the interest of the stakeholders and the investors of the company. There have been multiple instances where the interest of the stakeholders and the investors of the company have been compromised by showing fake financial position and performance to them. In this scenario, the role of the credit rating agencies increases where they test multiple companies on same parameters and give them different ratings which they think is reasonable based on the test results. 2. Financial parameters to evaluate credit quality and risk There are various financial parameters that have been used by the financial analysts to test the credit worthiness of the companies. It includes capital structure, interest coverage ratio, debt service coverage, net worth, profitability, return on capital employed, net cash accruals to total debt ratio, current ratio etc. The analyst considers the current as well as the future risk profile of the company to determine the credit rating of the company. Capital Structure: The capital structure of the company is judged through debt to equity ratio, leverage ratio etc. These test the proportion of borrowed funds in the capital mix of the company. This shows the dependence of the company on the borrowed funds as the company will have to bear some additional cost in meeting out the funding needs. The capital structure of the company depicts the strategy adopted by the management. In case of weak businesses, a company with high gearing will impact the profitability and the ability of the company to repay the debt amount (ICRA, 2016). Interest coverage ratio - The tool of interest coverage ratio is a financial barometer that measures an organization's capacity to make debt installments along with interest portion in a convenient way. Loan providers and speculators utilize this calculation to comprehend the productivity and danger of an organization. For example financial investors need to utilize this tool just to measure that the organization can pay its due debts on time without sacrificing its routine operational costs and dividends. A debt provider, then again, utilizes this tool with a scope while distinguishing whether an organization can handle extra debt. banks as a debt lender utilize this technique to figure the hazard that will result in loaning. Return on capital employed (ROCE) - ROCE shows the profits produced by an organization over the aggregate capital utilized in the organisation. The proportion thoroughly demonstrates how effectively an organization is controlled managed by its administrators, and more often not affected by the degree of its debt in organisation. This tool of measuring profitability helps to measure long haul productivity proportion since it indicates how successfully resources are giving results while thinking about long haul debt structure. A lower ROCE mirrors the organization's negative showcase over the long haul. An inclining ROCE would suggest proficient utilization of the funds utilized in the organisation, though a declining ROCE would demonstrate wasteful utilization of the funds utilized by the firm. Regardless, the ROCE of organization must be higher than its debt and other operation cost; else it demonstrates that the organization is worsening investors esteem. 3. Financial credit ratios to assess credit quality Evaluating and critical analysis of financial performance using tools of financial ratio is utilized to assess different parts of an organization's working and money related execution, for example, its productivity, liquidity and its returns on investments. Common spaces that are calculated into a FICO score are industry hazard, govt. strategy, working efficiency, monetary hazard and administration assessment. Tools of ratio evaluation are typically analyzed and compared over organizations in similar sectors, since a satisfactory proportion in one organisation might be viewed as comparably high in different industry firm. For instance, organizations in areas, for example, dealing in consumable goods regularly have a high obligation value proportion, on the other hand a comparable proportion for an innovation organization might be viewed as comparably high. As per Oshoke Sumaina, (2015) proportion examination can give an early cautioning of an impact full change or disintegration in an organization's monetary circumstance or execution. Financial analyst participates in broad calculating of the money related information in an organization's budgetary statements, regarding defining such insights. The various ratios which will result in evaluation of credit ratings of an enterprise are as follows- Ratio Description Formulae 1 Current ratio It helps to analyze short term liquidity position of the business. Accordingly it shows the repayment capacity of the business for the short term liabilities. It helps the financial lending firm to make a decision regarding granting the needs to businesses to fulfill their working capital needs. This tool is a liquidity proportion that evaluates an organization's capacity to pay liquid and long haul commitments. Current resources like money, money counterparts, and attractive securities can without much of a stretch be changed over into trade out the short term (EXCHANGE, 2014). Current assets / Current liabilities 2 Return on capital employed ROCE is a bookkeeping proportion utilized as a part of back, valuation, and bookkeeping. It is a helpful tool for looking at the proportionate benefit of organizations in the wake of considering the measure of utilized investments (Alrafadi Md-Yusuf, 2011). Profit before interest and tax / long term debt and capital employed 3 Interest coverage ratio The ICR or interest coverage ratio is an obligation proportion and benefit proportion helps in deciding how effortlessly an organization can deliver debt cost on pending obligation. ICR might be figured by partitioning an organization's profit before debt cost and taxation amount (EBIT). It decides how effectively an organization can pay debt costs on external liability. The more declining ICR, more beneficial the organization's obligation trouble and the more prominent the 4likelihood of liquidation profit before interest tax and depreciation / Interest and other finance administrative costs 4 Debt service coverage ratio (DSCR) DSCR is the proportion of money accessible for obligation adjusting to debt interest cost, capital loan cost and rent installments. It is a prominent standard utilized as a part of the estimation of an organizations capacity to create enough money to cover its obligation installments. The more this proportion is, the less demanding it is to acquire an advance. Profit before interest tax and depreciation / interest and administrative charges 5 Profit margin ratio It helps in analyzing the profit earned over the net revenue of the organisaation. Profit is taken after deduction of taxation. Profit after tax / net revenue * 100 6 Capital gearing ratio Capital gearing proportion is how much an organization obtains resources or to which it subsidizes its progressing operations with long term and short term obligation. Capital adapting will vary amongst organizations and ventures, and will frequently change after some time. Investigating capital portfolio implies degree of proportion of finance provided by equity share holders and the finance provided by the individuals who get an interest or profit at a settled rate. Variable income bearing securities / fixed income bearing funds 4. Financial credit ratios of Pidilite industries Ratio Analysis of Pidilite 2015 2014 Balance Sheet Cash 860 1,772 Accounts receivable, net 5,861 5,224 Total current assets 16,707 16,416 Total long-term assets 16,370 12,806 Total current liabilities 9,580 8,859 Total long-term liabilities 810 857 Total shareholders' equity 22,706 19,526 Income Statement Total sales 51,329 45,345 Total operating expenses 40,734 36,117 Income (loss) before taxes 6,779 6,123 Net income (loss) 5,085 4,471 Ratio calculations Profitability Ratios Return on equity 22% 23% Return on assets 15% 15% Net profit margin 10% 10% Leverage and Liquidity Ratios Current ratio 1.74 1.85 Quick or acid test ratio 1.13 1.26 Leverage ratio 46% 50% Long-term debt ratio 0.034 0.042 Debt to equity ratio 0.036 0.044 5. Trend analysis on the basis of above ratios While observing the financial ratios of the organisaation, Pidilite industries it has been analyzed that there no big change in the profitability of the business. Net profit margin has been same as of previous year data. However company is not witnessing in decline in performance but stakeholders demand for a constant growth. Growth is a vital element for long term sustainability of an enterprise. Apart from that there has been decline showcased while observing the return on equity investments. While checking the credibility of business from the external stakeholders point of view short term liquidity position has witnessed a negative view. Short term debt holders business credibility has been declined. From 1.85:1 in the year 2014 has been declined to 1.74:1. Accordingly debt position of business shows that incline in obligation proportion more often showcase a more steady business with the capability of life span in light of the fact that an organization with lower proportion. Ever y organisation has its own standards for obligation, yet .5 is sensible proportion. In the present case structure it is lower than the standard benchmarks of 0.5 %. An obligation with less proportion of .5 is frequently thought to be less dangerous. This implies the organization has twice the same number of benefits as liabilities. From the above calculation there has been growth in debt equity ratio witnessed. An incline in debt - equity proportion demonstrates that an organization has been forceful in sourcing its investment proposal with external obligation, there might be a more prominent potential for money related trouble if profit don't surpass the cost of obtained loans. Conclusion In the above mentioned assignment financial analyst participates in broad calculating of the money related information in an organization's budgetary statements, regarding defining such insights of Pidilite industries. There are various tools that have been used by the analysts including ratio analysis, trend analysis, projections and a detailed analysis of cash flows. Various financial ratios were discussed as per the credit ratings. FICO score was taken into account which consists of various financial ratios and performance barometer practices which are adopted by the banks and other financial lending intuitions to measure the credit ratings of an organisation. References Alrafadi, K.M. and Md-Yusuf, M., 2011. Comparison between Financial Ratios Analysis and Balanced Scorecard.American Journal of Economics and Business Administration, available at - https://thescipub.com/PDF/ajebasp.2011.618.622.pdf EXCHANGE, I.S.,2014, THE INFLUENCE OF PROFITABILITY AND LIQUIDITY RATIOS ON THE GROWTH OF PROFIT OF MANUFACTURING COMPANIES Available at - https://ijecm.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/21215.pdf Hau, H., Langfield, S. and Marques-Ibanez, D., 2013. Bank ratings: what determines their quality?.Economic Policy, 28(74) ICRA, 2016, ICRAs Credit Rating Methodology for Non-Banking Finance Companies Available at - https://icra.in/Files/Articles/NBFC%20Methodolgy.pdfOshoke, A.S. and Sumaina, J., 2015. Performance Evaluation through Ratio Analysis.Journal of Accounting and Finance Management Available at - https://www.iiardpub.org/get/JAFM/VOL%201/PERFORMANCE%20EVALUATION.pdf